Understanding Dementia: Early Signs and Care Strategies

India has over 5 million people living with dementia, and the number is growing rapidly. For NRIs, recognizing early signs and setting up proper care is critical.

Early Warning Signs to Watch For

During your video calls, watch for:

Memory Changes - Repeating the same questions or stories within minutes - Forgetting recent conversations but remembering old ones clearly - Misplacing everyday items (keys in the fridge, phone in a shoe) - Forgetting names of familiar people

Behavioral Changes - Unusual irritability or mood swings - Withdrawing from social activities - Difficulty following conversations - Getting confused about day, date, or time - Trouble handling money or bills

Functional Changes - Difficulty cooking familiar recipes - Getting lost in familiar neighborhoods - Struggling with simple technology they used before - Poor hygiene or wearing inappropriate clothes

What to Do If You Notice Signs

1. Don't panic — many causes of memory loss are treatable
2. Schedule a neurologist appointment
3. Get a comprehensive cognitive assessment
4. Rule out reversible causes (B12 deficiency, thyroid, depression, UTI)
5. If diagnosed, start planning care early

Types of Dementia

• **Alzheimer's Disease** (60-70% of cases): Progressive memory loss
• **Vascular Dementia**: Caused by reduced blood flow to the brain
• **Lewy Body Dementia**: Causes hallucinations and movement problems
• **Frontotemporal Dementia**: Affects behavior and personality

Care Strategies for NRI Families

• Install safety features: gas knob covers, door alarms, bathroom grab bars
• Set up a daily routine — consistency helps
• Label cabinets and rooms with pictures
• Use GPS tracking on their phone or a wearable
• Hire a trained caregiver experienced with dementia
• Join a support group (Alzheimer's and Related Disorders Society of India)

Managing from Abroad

• Video call at the same time daily (routine helps)
• Share photo albums — reminiscence therapy works
• Coordinate with neighbors for daily check-ins
• Keep a shared care journal with caregivers
• Plan visits during festivals — familiar celebrations stimulate memory

Dementia is a marathon, not a sprint. With the right support system, your parents can maintain quality of life for years.